绿色空间中使用行为与环境认知研究方法综述

Review of Research Methods for Green Spatial Behavioral Activities and Environmental Cognition

行为与环境认知作为人与环境相互作用的外显反应与内在机制,对于绿色空间人本尺度规划设计实践至关重要。以环境行为学理论为基础,从使用行为与环境认知2个层面对国内外研究方法与内容进行梳理和评述。其中,使用行为层面主要包括自我报告记录、直接观察图析、位置识别技术追踪和位置服务技术映射4类方法,描述绿色空间中的使用行为特征;环境认知层面主要包括主观描述、实验设计及移动互联网技术3类方法,深入解读绿色空间中的使用行为动机。通过研究方法的应用方式、适用尺度以及研究内容对比分析,发现研究经历了由微观尺度质性到多尺度计量分析的过程,由“主观描述”“客观解释”向“多元数据探索”的转变。旨在对“以人为本”的风景园林研究提供方法参考。

Behavioral activity and environmental cognition,as the explicit response and internal mechanism of interactions between human and environment,are essential for human-scale green space design.Based on the theory of environment-behavior studies(EBS),this paper reviews the existing research methods and contents home and abroad from two perspectives:behavioral activities and environmental cognition.The behavioral activity level mainly includes four methods:self-reporting,direct observation,location identification technology and location service technology,which describe the behavioral characteristics in the green space.The environmental cognition level mainly includes three methods:subjective description,experimental design and mobile internet technology,which deeply interpret the motivations for behavioral activities in the green space.Through comparative analysis of the application mode,applicable scale and research content of the research methods,this research has found that relevant researches experienced a progressive process from qualitative study of the micro-scale space to metrological analysis of the multi-scale space,which gradually transfers the focus from“subjective description”and“objective explanation”to“multi-source data exploration”.It aims to provide method references for human-based landscape architecture researches.