大连典型浴场海水中粪源指示细菌和土著病原弧菌的流行分布

Distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and indigenous pathogenic vibrio in the seawater of Dalian typical bathing beach

粪便污染指示细菌可能不能反映海洋土著病原细菌的污染,因此,在游泳高峰期选取肠球菌、副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌为研究对象,分析了大连付家庄浴场和星海浴场细菌学指标的分布特征。结果表明,肠球菌的超标率为58.2%(n=134),副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌的毒力基因标志物检出率分别为24.6%、10.4%和4.5%(n=134),两个浴场不但受到了比较严重的粪便污染,而且均存在病原性副溶血弧菌和创伤弧菌,此外,付家庄浴场还存在病原性霍乱弧菌,对游客健康造成潜在威胁。风速、浪高、降雨对肠球菌影响较大,水温、气温、盐度、透明度是病原性创伤弧菌分布的主要影响因子,pH值、浪高对副溶血弧菌的分布影响较大。因肠球菌与弧菌的生态学特征差异较大,建议在现行浴场水质监测的基础上,增加常见病原弧菌的监测。

Fecal indicator bacteria may not reflect the pollution of marine indigenous pathogenic bacteria.Therefore,the distribution of bacteriological indicators,including enterococcus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,V.vulnificus and V.cholerae was analyzed during the peak swimming season in Dalian Fujiazhuang and Xinghai bathing beachs.The results showed that the exceeding standard rate of enterococcus was 58.2%(n=134),and the detection rates of virulence gene markers of V.parahaemolyticus,V.vulnificus and V.cholerae were 24.6%,10.4%and 4.5%(n=134),respectively.These two bathing beaches were not only polluted by fecal pathogens,but also existed the pathogenic V.parahaemolyticus and V.vulnificus,besides,the pathogenic V.cholerae was also detected in Fujiazhuang bathing beach,which all pose potential risks to human health.The speed of wind,wave height and rainfall had great impacts on the distribution of enterococcus.Water temperature,air temperature,salinity and transparency were the main factors affecting the distribution of pathogenic V.vulnificus.pH and wave height had great influences on the distribution of V.parahaemolyticus.Due to the different ecological characteristics of enterococcus and Vibrio spp.,we suggested that important pathogenic vibrio should be considered into the current routine monitoring of bathing beach.