安徽省外来植物入侵状况分析

The analysis on the alien invasive plants in Anhui Province

【目的】了解安徽省入侵植物的现状,明确分布格局对制定预防与控制管理措施具有重要意义。【方法】通过文献整理与实地调查分析了安徽省外来入侵植物的种属、来源地、引入途径、入侵时间、入侵生境以及各市(地区)的分布状态。【结果】1.安徽省共有入侵植物158种,共计102属40科,其中菊科植物最多为25属36种,占安徽省入侵植物总数的22.8%。2.安徽省入侵植物主要来源于美洲,共98种,占总种数的57.7%;60.1%的入侵植物(95种)为有意引入,其余均为无意引入;69.9%的入侵植物于近现代(1840年之后)入侵安徽。3.入侵植物中75.5%分布于“道路旁,荒地生态系统”“森林、灌木”、“内陆水域、湿地”、“草地、城市绿地”、“农田、耕作用地”等5种生境中。4.不同的地区入侵植物的分布存在差异,芜湖市入侵植物种类最多,占总全省的78.5%,其次为黄山市(77.5%)和合肥市(76.6%),亳州市(62.7%)入侵植物的种类最少。【结论】安徽省入侵种数量由东南向西北逐步减少,各城市入侵状况存在一定差异,但总体均属易受入侵环境,应加强监管,及时对入侵外来种进行治理。

【Aim】To comprehend the process of the alien plants invasion in Anhui and certify the distribution,which has importance for developing the corresponding management strategies for their control and remediation.【Method】To analyze the origin,the pathways introduced,the invaded time,the biotopes,the distributions and species of alien invasive plants in Anhui Province using published literature and field investigations.【Result】1.A total of 158 alien invasive plant species from 40 families and 102 genera were recorded,among which 25 genera and 36 species were from the Compositae family,accounting 22.8% of all species.2.The invasive plants mainly originated in North America(98 species,57.6%).The major method of introduction was intentional introduction by people(95 species,accounting for 60.1%);38.7% were introduced unintentionally.Most invasive plants to Anhui were recently introduced(accounting for 69.9%).3.Two third(75.5%)of invasive plants were distributed in 5 ecosystems,including roadsides and wasteland,forests and bushes,inland waters and wetlands,grasslands and urban greenbelts,and farmed and arable lands.4.Among the 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province,the highest number of species existed in Wuhu(78.5%),followed by Huangshan(77.8%),and Hefei(76.6%),the lowest in Bozhou(62.7%).【Conclusion】The number of invasive species in Anhui decreased gradually from southeast to northwest.In general,Anhui possesses several environments favourable for alien plants to invade.Thus,we should strengthen the supervision and control the invasion promptly.