拉丁史籍对“1182年君士坦丁堡大屠杀”的历史书写

Historical Writing About“the Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople in 1182”in Latin Sources

1182年,拜占庭首都君士坦丁堡城内爆发了一起拜占庭人针对拉丁人的大屠杀行动。通过幸存者、信使、旅行家、路人、十字军等群体的传播,中世纪拉丁作者对这一历史事件进行了详细的记录。他们从不同角度描述了君士坦丁堡大屠杀的全过程和对拉丁人生命、财产和精神所造成的巨大伤害,认为这场大屠杀具有全民参与的特征。拉丁作者从受害者的角度试图对该事件发生的原因作出解释,认为这是拉丁世界和拜占庭帝国矛盾激化的产物,是拜占庭人长期以来仇视情绪的结果。对照拜占庭文献,我们就会发现,拉丁史籍对"1182年君士坦丁堡大屠杀"的记述既有一致性,也存在着明显的偏差。拉丁史籍所塑造出的安德罗尼库斯与穆斯林相勾结、背叛基督教的形象,与历史事实并不相符。这种带有偏见的记载显然是受到了当时社会环境尤其是拉丁世界长期丑化拜占庭帝国心理因素的影响。

The Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople was a mass murder committed by the Byzantines against the Latin inhabitants of Constantinople,the capital of the Byzantine Empire,in 1182.Through the spread of survivors,messengers,travelers,passers-by,crusaders and other groups,the Medieval Latin writers made detailed stories.They noted the whole process of this event as well as its enormous damage to the life,property and spirit of the Latins from different angles,believing that this massacre had the characteristic of public participation.They also explained the causes of the incident from the perspective of the victims,holding the view that this was the result of the intensification of the conflict between the Latin World and the Byzantine Empire,as well as the product of the hatred of the Byzantine people.After collating with the Byzantine books,we could find that the Latin sources have consistent and biased accounts of"the Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople in 1182".Latin sources shaped images that Andronicus colluded with Muslims and betrayed the Christianity,which are not consistent with historical facts.These prejudiced records were apparently influenced by the social environment at the time,especially the psychological factors of the long-term uglification of the Byzantine Empire in the West.