华北地下水超采区粮食作物灌溉用水量及其节水潜力——基于河北省620户问卷调研数据

Irrigation water consumption and water-saving potential of food crops in groundwater over-exploitation areas in North China:Based on survey data of 620 households in Hebei Province

依据2018年620份农户问卷调研数据,采用“以电折水”方法,计算河北省小麦和玉米的灌溉用水量以及3个市的地区差异,在此基础上,与河北省灌溉水定额进行对比分析,揭示其节水潜力。结果显示,调研地区小麦和玉米的灌溉水量分别为3315.15 m^3/hm 2和2477.85 m^3/hm 2,沧州市献县、南皮县、邯郸市成安县、石家庄市元氏县等4个地区,具有明显的区域差异,上述3个市小麦、玉米灌溉水量分别介于2828.25~3631.80 m^3/hm 2,2148.15~2683.95 m^3/hm 2之间,成安县灌溉水量最高,其主要原因与灌溉次数有关,小麦和玉米灌溉次数分别为3.7次和2.75次,元氏县灌溉水量最低,主要原因是土地规模化程度高,户均耕地面积在2 hm 2以上的比例约10%。与河北省规定灌溉定额相比,小麦和玉米的节水潜力分别为765.15 m^3/hm 2和902.85 m^3/hm 2。

According to the survey data of 620 rural households in 2018,this paper used the method of"electricity water reduction"to calculate the current irrigation water consumption of wheat and corn in Hebei Province.The article also analyzed regional differences in the four counties.The water consumption potential was compared with the irrigation water quota in Hebei Province.The results showed that the irrigation water volume of wheat and corn was 3315.15m 3/hm 2 and 2477.85m 3/hm 2,respectively,there were obvious regional differences in four areas,such as Xian County,Nanpi County,Cheng′an County of Handan City and Yuanshi County of Shijiazhuang City.The irrigation water volume of the above three regions was between 2828.25 m 3/hm 2 and 3631.80 m 3/hm 2.The irrigation water volume of corn was between 2148.15 m 3/hm 2 and 2683.95 m 3/hm 2.The reason for the high amount of irrigation water in Cheng′an County was mainly related to the number of irrigation times.The irrigation times of wheat and corn were 3.7 and 2.75 times respectively.The reason for the low amount of irrigation water in Yuanshi County was mainly due to the high degree of land scale,and the highest proportion of cultivated land above 2 hm 2 was 10%.Compared with the irrigation quota announced by Hebei Province,the water-saving potential of wheat and corn is 765.15 m 3/hm 2 and 902.85 m 3/hm 2 respectively.