鄂西南方言拷贝式程度表达“X得X”的性质及表意机制

The Nature and Ideographic Mechanism of Degree Expression“X+de+X”in Enshi Dialect

湖北恩施方言中的重叠式“X得X”格式表程度深,其是普通话中状中结构、述补结构表特征高量这一表意功能的方言形式变体。本文拟考察三个问题第一,“X得X”格式与状中结构、述补结构的异同;第二,探讨“X得X”格式的语法功能;第三,从语法和语音两个角度,探寻多个方言中存在的表程度深的“X得X”格式的成活机制。“X得X”的存在正好填补了一些形容词因不能直接重叠而导致的表程度高量意义功能的缺失,证明了这些形容词在方言中有着较普通话更强大的组形能力。

The overlapping format“X De X”in Enshi dialect of Hubei Province means deep degree.It is a dialectal variant of the ideographic function of the middle adverbial structure and the predicate complement structure in Putonghua.This paper intends to solve three problems:Firstly,seek out the similarities and differences between“X De X”format and adverbial-centered structure and Predicate-complement structure;secondly,discuss the grammatical functions of“X De X”format;thirdly,research the mechanism of“a+a+a”format which can express deep degree in many dialects from the perspectives of grammar and phonetics.The existence of“a+a+a”can compensate some adjectives’deficiency in expressing deep degree caused by their inability to overlap directly,which proves that these adjectives have stronger ability of formation in dialects than in Putonghua.