美国新手特殊教育教师导师制的发展经验与启示

The Experience and Implications of the Mentoring for Novice Special Education Teachers in America

教师是教育改革成败的关键因素,面对新手特殊教育教师流失严重、职业适应困难和质量亟待提升等状况,美国以导师制作为核心入职教育方式,并从服务对象、导师质量及保障措施等方面进行细节规划。我国特殊教育事业正处于发展的关键期,特殊教育教师的稳定与质量提升至关重要。借鉴美国的成功经验,可通过普及导师带教,依托"国培计划"培训导师,探索本土化的新手特殊教育教师入职教育模式及途径,促进特殊教育教师队伍的稳定发展。

Teachers are the key factor in the success or failure of education reform.Faced with the serious attrition of novice special education teachers,difficulties in vocational adaptation and urgent need for quality improvement,the United States takes the mentoring as the main means of induction and makes detailed planning from the aspects of service object,mentor quality and guarantee measures.The cause of special education in China is in a critical period of development.By referring to the successful experience of the United States,we can promote the stability and development of the team of special education teachers by popularizing the guidance of mentors and by relying on the"national training program"to trainmentors and explore the localization of the induction education mode of novice special education teachers.