灾难救援人员的二次创伤及干预策略

Secondary Traumatization and Intervention Strategies of Disaster Rescue Workers

二次创伤是指在没有直接经历创伤性事件的情况下,救援人员身上表现出的创伤性压力症状,主要表现为再体验、持续性回避、警觉性增高症状以及认知和心境的负性改变。文章首先对二次创伤及相关概念进行界定,然后从救援人员二次创伤的发生率、发生机制、测量工具以及预防和干预等方面进行综述,最后对未来可能的研究方向提出展望。

Secondary traumatization refers to traumatic stress reactions shown by rescuers without directly experiencing a traumatic event.The symptoms of secondary traumatization are reexperiencing,avoidance,hyperarousal,and negative changes in cognition and mood.This article first defines secondary traumatization and its related concepts,then reviews the incidence,mechanism,measurement tools,prevention and intervention of secondary traumatization of rescuers,and finally proposes possible future research directions.