深空探测先进电源技术综述

Advanced Power Source Technology of Deep Space Exploration

先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。

Advanced power supply technology is the prerequisite for deep space exploration mission.Based on the requirements of power supply system of China’s follow-up deep space exploration missions,such as the explorations of polar region of Lunar,small celestial bodies,Mars,Jupiter,and so on,the advanced power source technologies for deep space exploration are reviewed,including the chemical battery,solar cell,radioisotope thermoelectric generator(RTG)and space nuclear reactor power.According to the requirements of power supply system of deep space exploration,the remarkable feature,brief history,application limits and development proposals of Lithium ions battery,solar cell,Pu-238 RTG and space nuclear reactor power are presented,and focusing on the analysis of the key technology,practical application,application prospects of Pu-238 RTG and space nuclear reactor power,providing a reference for long-term development of advanced power source technology of deep space exploration.