从大寨到小岗:社会主义实践探索的时代转折

From Dazhai to Xiaogang:the Turning Point of the Times in the Exploration of Socialist Practice

改革开放前后两个时期社会主义实践探索既相互联系又有重大区别。大寨与小岗的个案回顾与比较为我们理解历史的阶段性和完整性提供了重要素材。作为特定历史的产物,两个时代典型的出现既是社会主义实践探索的尝试,又是多重因素共同建构的结果。与"农业学大寨"运动中全国农民被动卷入不同的是,小岗开启的农村改革赋予农民生产经营中更多的选择权和自主权,是基层探索与顶层设计有效互动的结果。这也是新时代全面深化改革中制度创新的基本经验。

The exploration of socialist practice in the two periods before and after the reform and opening up to the outside world is both interrelated and greatly different.The review and comparison of the cases between Dazhai and Xiaogang provide important materials for us to understand the stages and integrality of history.As a product of specific history,the typical appearance of the two times is not only an attempt at socialist exploration,but also a result of the construction of multiple factors.Different from the passive involvement of farmers nationwide in the movement of learning from Dazhai in agriculture,the rural reform initiated by Xiaogang endows farmers with more choices and autonomy in production and operation,and it is the result of effective interaction between grassroots exploration and top-level design.This is also the basic experience of institutional innovation in deepening the reform in the new era.