北京话中“还是的”的立场重申功能及其产生机制

The Stance-reiteration Marker“Haishide”in Beiing Dialect

立场表达的规约化往往需要特定的语境条件。本文选取北京口语对话中用于应答的"还是的",讨论其浮现的语用功能及产生机制。我们发现,"还是的"处于交际双方存在不一致的对话语境中,可以单独构成答语,也可以与后续句共同构成答语,表示说话人对自我立场的重申。它的产生基础是引发语和应答语之间构成"话题-说明"结构,以及"还是"体现的关联性语义,从命题层面的"与之前情况相同"扩展为元语层面的"与之前说过的话相同",并受到礼貌原则中的一致性准则驱动。文章最后通过形态句法范畴的确立以及伴随演变的语音变化两个角度,论证了"还是的"的形成机制与传统意义上的语法化不同,认为"还是的"的形成属于语用化。

The conventionalization of stance-taking expressions requires certain contextual conditions.This paper launches a case study on the responsive token"haishide"in Beijing dialect,examining its pragmatic functions and the generation mechanism.It is found that"haishide"is always located in dialogues of disagreement.It constructs a response itself or together with follow-up sentences,serving to reiterate the stance of the speaker.Its formation is based on the topic-comment relation between initiating and responsive utterances,and the correlational meaning of the adverb"haishi",extending from"the same with the previous situation"on propositional level,to"the same with what was previously said"on metalinguistic level.And it is also motivated by the Agreement Maxim in the Politeness Principle.The paper then argues that the formation of"haishide"is different from the traditional notion of grammaticalization,in the light of morphosyntactic category and corresponding phonetic changes.