江苏13个地区居民呼吸暴露参数调查及地区差异性研究

Inhalation exposure factors and their regional disparity among residents in 13 regions of Jiangsu

目的探讨江苏居民呼吸暴露参数及地区差异性。方法于2017年7-12月对苏南地区879人、苏中地区872人和苏北地区765人开展时间-活动模式的问卷调查,采用人体能量代谢估算法,得到苏南、苏中和苏北不同年龄段男性和女性居民的呼吸速率参数,对调查结果进行比较分析。结果江苏居民户外活动时间为春秋季>夏季>冬季,男性户外活动时间长于女性;居民室内活动时间为冬季>夏季>春秋季,女性室内活动时间长于男性;苏南、苏中和苏北地区男性与女性居民不同季节的户外活动时间和室内活动时间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。居民活动强度越大,短期呼吸速率越高,同等活动强度下居民年龄越大则短期呼吸速率越低,同等活动强度下的同年龄组男性短期呼吸速率高于女性;男性长期呼吸速率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄对长期呼吸速率的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);苏南、苏中和苏北地区不同年龄组男性与女性居民短期呼吸速率和长期呼吸速率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本次调查结果与2011年全国调查数据、美国环保署2011年发布的暴露参数调查手册结果均有一定差异,可为江苏省开展居民环境健康风险评估提供重要参考。

Objective To know the inhalation exposure factors and regional differences of Jiangsu residents. Methods To obtain inhalation rate factors for male and female residents in different age groups in Jiangsu province,a questionnaire survey on time-activity was conducted among 879 individuals in Southern Jiangsu province,872 individuals in Middle Jiangsu province and 765 individuals in Northern Jiangsu province from July to December in 2017,by employing estimation of human energy metabolism way. Results The seasonal outdoor activity time of residents in Jiangsu was ranked as follows:spring and autumn > summer >winter. The outdoor activity time of male residents was longer than that of female residents. The seasonal indoor activity time of residents in Jiangsu was as ranked as follows:winter >summer >spring and autumn. The indoor activity time of female residents was longer than that of male residents.The seasonal outdoor activity time and indoor activity time between male and female residents from Southern,Middle and Northern Jiangsu province presented significant differences(P<0.05). The short-term inhalation rate increased with the increases of activity intensity.At the same activity intensity,the shortterm inhalation rate of residents decreased with the increases of ages,and revealed higher levels in male residents compared with female residents in the same age group. The long-term inhalation rate was significantly higher in male residents compared with that in female in Jiangsu province(P<0.05). Age had no more effect on long-term inhalation rate(P>0.05).The short-term and long-term inhalation rates did not present significant differences in male and female residents in different age groups in South,Middle and North Jiangsu province(P>0.05). Conclusion The results of this survey are significantly different from the national survey data in 2011 and the results of the exposure factors survey manual released by USEPA in 2011. It may provide important reference for the environmental health risk assessment of residents in Jiangsu.