老年照料对已婚子女劳动供给的影响:基于CFPS的经验证据

The Impact of Elderly Care on the Labor Supply of Married Children:Based on the CFPS’s Edivence

老年照料对子女劳动供给有着不可忽视的作用。理论上,老年照料对子女劳动供给的影响存在两种相反的假设,分别是减少劳动供给以提供老年照料和增加劳动供给以应对经济压力。本文基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据实证研究老年照料对已婚子女劳动供给的影响发现,已婚的非独生子女在提供老年照料服务时,丈夫和妻子的劳动时间都会显著下降,呈现出合作的特征;而已婚独生子女在提供老年照料服务时,妻子的劳动时间会下降,丈夫的劳动时间有所增加,呈现出分工的特征。最后,本文针对上述实证结果提供了合理的经济解释,并认为应该通过发展养老服务业和制定支持性的财税政策来减轻成年子女的养老负担。

Elderly care has an important impact on the labor supply of children.In theory,there are two opposite assumptions about the effect of elderly care on children’s labor supply,namely reducing labor supply to provide old-age care and increasing labor supply to cope with economic pressure.The empirical research based on data of the 2016 China Family Panel Studies found that when non-only children provide elderly care services,both husband’s and wife’s working hours are significantly reduced,showing cooperative characteristics;while only children provide elderly care services,the working hours of the wife will decrease,and the working hours of the husband will increase,showing the characteristics of division of labor.Finally,this article provides reasonable economic explanations according to the empirical results,and points outthat we should reduce the burden of elderly care for adult children by developing the elderly care industry and making supportive fiscal and tax policies.