基于MAXENT模型的古田山保护区黑麂生境适宜性评价

Habitat assessment of black muntjac (Muntiacus cirnifrons) in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve based on MAXENT modeling

浙江开化古田山国家级自然保护区是黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)的集中分布区之一。近年来,保护区内黑麂面临着生境丧失和破碎化的威胁。本研究应用MAXENT模型,结合古田山保护区2014—2017年的红外相机监测数据和主要环境变量数据,对保护区内黑麂生境适宜性的季节变化特征及影响因素进行了评价与分析。结果表明:距阔叶林距离、海拔两个变量对黑麂生境适宜性的季节性变化影响最为显著。古田山保护区不同季节黑麂的适宜生境面积为:春季2086.38 hm^2、夏季2608.74 hm^2、秋季2502.27 hm^2和冬季1746.27 hm^2,分别占保护区总面积的25.74%、32.18%、30.87%和21.54%。从空间分布来看,黑麂适宜生境主要分布在保护区的核心区和北部区域。建议加强对保护区的核心区和北部区域自然植被的保护与恢复,以及对保护区人为干扰活动的监督和管理。

The Gutianshan National Nature Reserve(GNR) is home to a major population of black muntjac(Muntiacus cirnifrons),an endemic species of China that is faced with the threat of habitat loss and fragmentation.We used MAXENT modeling to assess the habitat suitability of black muntjac during different seasons.Data from camera-trapping collected during 2014-2017 and 12 environmental variables for GNR is used in the analysis.The results show that the habitat suitability of black muntjac in GNR changed with seasons.Distance to broad-leaved forest and elevation were major factors that influenced the habitat selection of black muntjac.The area of suitable habitats for black muntjac varied by were 2 086.38 ha in spring,2 608.74 ha in summer,2 502.27 ha in autumn,and 1 746.27 ha in winter,which accounted for 25.74%,32.18%,30.87%,and 21.54% of the GNR area in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.Most of the suitable habitats for black muntjac were in the core zone and along the northern edges of GNR.We recommended strengthening the protection and restoration of the natural vegetation in the core zone and northern edges,reducing human activities for the protection of black muntjac in GNR.