单帧影视画面的属性认定及裁判考量

Attribute Identification and Judgment Consideration of Single-frame Screen Picture

近年来将影视剧画面截图用于广告、包装、表情包的行为引发了著作权纠纷,然而我国司法实践对单帧影视画面的作品属性存在摄影作品和电影作品的不同认识,而不同的定性会对著作权的内容、归属和保护期产生影响,甚至引发权利行使的冲突。不同的认定思路是分歧产生的原因,单帧影视画面的静态表现特征和“图片”外观使得其与摄影作品相联系,但是单帧影视画面作为影视剧的基本构成要素又离不开电影作品这个框架。对此,应遵从作品认定的一般思路,以单帧影视画面这种表达为出发点,结合单帧影视画面的形成过程判断是否构成作品,以表达结果作为作品类型判断的主要基础。单帧影视画面是以影视制作方式形成的一种展现影视这类独立艺术形式的表达,而电影作品不仅保护画面的组合性,而且保护画面的展现性,将单帧影视画面视为电影作品并不违背其基本内涵,而且从裁判考量的角度而言,认定为电影作品具有更小的解释风险和更低的保护成本。

In recent years,the use of screenshots of film and television plays in advertising,packaging and expression packs has led to copyright disputes.However,there are different understandings of the attributes of single-frame pic tures of film and television in judicial practice in China,while different attribute identification as photographic works or cinematographic works will affect the content,ownership and protection period of copyright,and even lead to con flicts in the exercise of rights.Different identification ideas are the reason for the divergence.The static performance characteristics and"picture"appearance of single-frame screen picture make it related to the photographic works,but as the basic elements of film and television series,the analysis of single-frame screen picture cannot be separated from the framework of film works.In this regard,we should follow the general idea of identification of works in copyright law,take the single-frame screen picture as the starting point,combine the formation process of single-frame screen picture to determine whether it constitutes a work,and take the expression result as the main basis of the judgment of work type.Single-frame screen picture is a kind of independent art form of expression produced by the way of film and television.Cinematographic works not only protect the combination of pictures,but also the display of pictures.Regard ing a single-frame screen picture as a cinematographic work does not violate its basic connotation,and from the per spective of judgement consideration,it will have lower risk of interpretation and lower protection costs.