乡村振兴:认识误区、比较优势与制度变革

Rural Revitalization:Misunderstanding,Comparative Advantage and Institutional Reform

工业化与城市化并不必然带来乡村衰败。乡村振兴的关键在于尊重市场规律,发挥乡村比较优势,并处理好如下三个基本问题:一是破除阻碍资源自由流动与优化配置的“制度藩篱”,实现农业振兴与农民增收;二是消解“乡土文明”与“城市文明”两者对立的固有偏见,深刻理解“土地束缚”、“小农经济”的桎梏之源,改革城乡二元制度安排,构建统一、公平公正的资产交易市场、劳动力市场与社会保障制度;三是采用市场激励机制,让农村人口“走出去”,让外部人才、资本与技术“引进来”,在城市化进程的“双向互动”中实现乡村振兴。

Industrialization and urbanization do not necessarily lead to“village demise.”The key to rural revitalization lies with respecting the laws of the market,exerting“comparative advantage”of the village,and solving the following three basic problems.First,we need to break the“institutional barriers”that hinder the free flow of resources and optimal allocation,realizing agricultural revitalization and increasing farmers’income.Second,we need to remove the inherent prejudice against the opposition between“native civilization”and“urban civilization”,have a profound understanding of the source of“land bondage”and“traditional small-scale peasant economy”,reform urban-rural dual institutional arrangements,and build a unified,fair and equitable asset transaction market,labor market and social security system.Third,we need to use the market incentive mechanism to let the agricultural population“go out”,let external talents,capital and technology“come in”,to achieve rural revitalization in the“two-way interaction”of the urbanization process.