制度如何治理:国家治理的机制问题思考

How Do Institutions Govern:Unfolding the Black Box of National Governing Mechanism

如果说国家治理就是通过制度进行治理,那么发现和探索制度治理的具体机制就成为理解国家治理逻辑的核心问题。通过将制度主义理论与个人主义方法论相结合,可以在理论层面为理解现代国家治理机制提供了一个一般性的分析框架。在这个框架中可以发现,具有宏观色彩的制度或政策,如何通过其内在所包含的多维要素,作用于微观层面的个人决策过程;个人又如何根据其所具有的反思性能力,对制度或政策做出不同的策略性反应,最终形成在宏观层面可以观察得到的治理结果。在这个过程中,三组基本类型的治理机制充分说明了制度治理的具体过程和方式。

If national governance is governed through institutions,discovering and exploring the specific mechanism of institutional governance becomes the core issue of understanding the logic of national governance.By combining the theory of institutionalism with methodological individualism,this paper provides a general analytical framework for understanding the modern national governing mechanism.In this framework,we can find how institutions function at the macro-level through their internal multi-dimensional elements and influence the individual decision-making process at the micro-level,and how individuals make different strategic responses reflectively to the institutions or policies,and ultimately result in different governing outcomes observed at the macro-level.In this process,the three basic types of mechanisms can fully explain the specific process and way of institutional governance.