病毒的持续性感染机制研究进展

Research progress in the Mechanism of Virus Persistent Infection

病毒感染存在急性与持续性两种形式,急性感染有利于病毒在不同宿主间迅速传播。然而,一方面由于宿主具备多种抵御和清除病毒感染机制来抑制病毒的过度增殖,另一方面由于病毒在感染过程与宿主共同进化,在保证自身不被宿主免疫系统清除的同时,又避免与机体免疫系发生正面冲突,这种类似于寄生的持续性感染方式可能更有利于其长久繁衍。病毒可以降低宿主的防御和减轻病毒对机体的损伤,因而许多持续性感染病毒并不杀伤细胞,然而持续性感染的建立并非只是病毒单方面的决定,而是由病毒和宿主等多种因素共同作用的结果。其中与免疫细胞的相互作用是病毒引起持续性感染的重要原因,虽然某些机制目前还未完全清楚,但存在一些共同的机制。本文针对持续性感染病毒与免疫细胞之间相互作用的研究进展作一综述。

Viral infection usually comes in form of the acute and persistent infection.Acute infection may benefit the rapid spread of virus among different hosts.However,the immunity of host has a variety protecting mechanisms,which can inhibit the virus overgrowth;on the other hand,as virus and its host have both evolves in the infection process to maintain in the host,virus should not only have the ability to avoid the attack from the host immune system,but also need to escape from the detection of immune system.Virus can reduce the host's defense ability and reduce the damage to the body.Therefore,many persistent infection viruses do not kill cells.However,the establishment of persistent infection is not just a unilateral decision of the virus,but a combination of factors such as the virus and the host.The result shows the interaction with immune cells is an important cause of persistent infection caused by the virus,but some mechanisms are not completely clear.This article reviews the research progress on the interaction between persistently infected viruses and immune cells.