基于汽车侧面碰撞安全性B柱结构优化设计

Optimization Design of B-Pillar Structure Based on Vehicle Side Crash Safety

侧面碰撞是重要的汽车安全性评价指标,在汽车发生侧面碰撞时,B柱结构起到重要的缓冲吸能和保护乘员的功能。基于碰撞法规,对汽车侧面碰撞进行分析,采取补丁板结构对B柱进行优化设计。根据侧面碰撞工况特点,建立B柱、安装支架、台车等组成的碰撞模型,对比不同速度下B柱各测点的侵入量、侵入速度和变形量的变化;基于分析结果,对补丁板结构进行设计;对比分析优化前后各参数的变化;将设计方案应用于某车型的优化设计,并进行试验验证。结果可知:在B柱碰撞变形关键区域增加补丁板进行局部强化,B柱其它区域不做强化处理的方法实现轻量化设计;采用补丁板结构的B柱设计可在降低侧面碰撞侵入量的同时实现B柱轻量化效果,较原设计重量减轻29.2%,各位置测量点的侵入量最高减少18.6%(D4位置);将该补丁板结构应用于某车型改进设计,仿真计算与试验侵入量相对偏差小于5%,改进B柱结构后的轿车碰撞仿真模型也较为准确,侧面碰撞试验中改进后的被试品轿车各项乘员安全评价指标全部达到法规要求;对比结果表明设计方法的准确性,为同类设计提供重要参考。

Side collision is an important indicator of vehicle safety evaluation.The B-pillar structure plays an important role in cushioning energy absorption and can protect the occupant in the event of a side collision of the car.Based on the collision regulations,the side collision of the car is analyzed and the patch plate structure is adopted to optimize the design of the B-pillar.According to the characteristics of the side collision working conditions,a collision model composed of B column,mounting bracket and trolley is established.The intrusion,intrusion speed and deformation of each point of the B-pillar at different speeds are analyzed by comparison.Based on the analysis results,the patch board structure is designed,the changes of parameters before and after optimization are compared and analyzed.The design scheme is applied to the optimization design of a certain model,and the test is verified.The results show that the patch plate is added to the critical area of the B-pillar collision deformation for local reinforcement,and other areas of the B-pillar are not strengthened to achieve lightweight design.The B-pillar design with the patch plate structure can reduce the impact of the side impact intrusion while achieving the B-pillar weight reduction effect,which is 29.2%lighter than the original design.The intrusion amount of each position measurement point is reduced by up to 18.6%(D4 position).Applying the patch plate structure to a certain model to improve the design,the relative deviation between the simulation calculation and the test intrusion is less than 5%.The simulation model of the car crash after improving the B-pillar structure is also more accurate.The improved safety evaluation indicators for the occupants of the tested vehicle all meet the regulatory requirements in the side impact test.The comparison results show the accuracy of the design method and provide an important reference for similar designs.