加拿大阿尔伯塔省油气资源管理研究与启示

Study of the management of oil and gas resources in Alberta,Canada and its implications

加拿大作为全球主要油气生产国,市场化程度高,其先进的油气资源管理制度对我国具有借鉴意义。本文通过对加拿大阿尔伯塔省油气资源管理框架、合同出让及管理、资源所有者权益实现及监督管理等方面进行研究,发现其具有油气管理法律法规健全、油气合同区块面积小、合同出让频率高、区块退出管理严格、独立行使强大的监管职能、权利金收取考虑了企业成本回收等特点。结合我国实际,建议加快推进油气管理法律法规立改废;缩小油气勘查区块面积,加快竞争出让;分区域设置最长勘查年限,严格区块退出;设置专门油气监管机构,加强监督管理;调整完善油气资源权益金制度体系,鼓励勘探开发。

As a major oil and gas producer in the world,Canada has high degree of marketization,its advanced oil and gas management system has reference significance for China.Alberta is selected as a case to study the management framework of oil and gas resources,contract transfer and management,and resource owner s rights realization and supervision.This study finds that it has the characteristics of sound oil and gas management laws and regulations,small oil and gas contract block area,high contract sales frequency,strict block exit policy,independent exercise of strong regulatory functions,and collection of royalties with enterprise cost recovery.Taking the current situation in China into consideration,it is recommended to speed up the reform of oil and gas management laws and regulations;to reduce the area of oil and gas exploration blocks,enhance competition and transfer;to set the longest exploration period in sub-regions,strengthen the block exit policy;to set up special oil and gas regulatory agencies,strengthen supervision and management,improve the oil and gas resources equity system and encourage exploration and development.