黄芪营养吸收规律及其与产品品质形成的关系

Nutritional Absorption Law of Astragalus membranaceus and Its Relation with Product Quality Formation

试验以山西浑源蒙古黄芪为研究对象,对2年生和4年生的黄芪进行实地采收,对不同时期黄芪地上部分、地下根中氮磷钾含量及根中药效成分进行测定,研究不同年限黄芪营养吸收规律及其与产品品质形成的关系,为黄芪在实际生产种植中合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,黄芪生长发育过程中,2年生与4年生黄芪同在开花—结果期根干物质积累速率最快,2年生为68.86%,4年生为24.48%;黄芪整株氮吸收累积量在果熟期最高,2年生为22.24 g/株,4年生为85.14 g/株;磷累积量在开花期最高,2年生为2.43 g/株,4年生为8.07 g/株;2年生钾累积量在落叶期最高,为4.09 g/株,4年生钾累积量在开花期最高,为17.84 g/株;黄芪3种药效成分的经济产量变化不一,除4年生总多糖经济产量在结果期最高外,其余2年生和4年生黄芪单株总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖经济产量均在落叶期最高。综合考虑,建议生产中在黄芪落叶期进行采挖。

Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial herb,which uses root as medicine and is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in China.In this experiment,biennial and quadrennial Astragalus membranaceus were collected in Hunyuan,Shanxi province.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the aboveground and underground roots of Astragalus membranaceus and the effective components of Chinese medicines were determined in different periods.The nutrient absorption law of Astragalus membranaceus in different years and its relationship with the product quality formation were studied,which provided theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of Astragalus membranaceus in actual production.The results showed that the rate of dry matter accumulation in roots of biennial and quadrennial Astragalus membranaceus was the fastest at flowering to fruiting stage,68.86%at biennial and 24.48%at quadrennial.The maximum nitrogen uptake of the whole plant of Astragalus membranaceus was in the fruit ripening stage,22.24 g/plant at biennial and 85.14 g/plant at quadrennial.Phosphorus accumulation was the highest at flowering stage,2.43 g/plant for biennial and 8.07 g/plant for quadrennial.The highest potassium accumulation was 4.09 g/plant in deciduous stage of biennial and 17.84 g/plant in flowering stage of quadrennial.The economic yields of three active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus varied.Except for the highest economic yields of total polysaccharides in quadrennial,the economic yields of total flavonoids,total saponins and total polysaccharides in biennial and quadrennial Astragalus membranaceus were the highest in deciduous stage.Considering comprehensively,it is suggested to dig Astragalus membranaceus during deciduous period.