国家监督与大学自治框架中的学术抄袭认定

The Plagiarism Identification under the Framework of State Supervision and University Autonomy

就学术抄袭而言,学理与司法实践援引私法的理论资源对之进行解读,忽视了学术抄袭认定背后的公法意涵。学术抄袭与私法维度下的抄袭在认定基础、认定标准、认定依据与认定方式等方面存在差异,更多地受到学术伦理规范的约束,对其认定应当摆脱私法认识的窠臼与纯粹法解释主义的路径,置于国家监督与大学自治的二元框架下进行考察。国家立法授权高校对学术抄袭进行认定,既蕴含了国家权力在抄袭认定上的退让,进而赋予高校学术自治的空间,又要求高校积极落实抄袭认定标准、组织与程序的保障义务,避免学术自治逾越内在的界限。国家立法应当设定抄袭认定标准、组织与程序的基本原则,保留必要的司法审查,从而避免高校在抄袭认定规则供给上的恣意。

In terms of plagiarism in academic activities, academic theory and judicial practice interpret it by quoting the private law theory or clarify the definition of plagiarism through the law hermeneutics, which ignore the implications of academic plagiarism identification behind the public law.There are many differences between academic plagiarism and plagiarism under the dimension of private law in the logic, standard, basis and method of recognition, which means that the main body and the system of academic plagiarism identification cannot follow private law, but shall be investigated under the relation between state supervision and university autonomy.The standard, organization and procedure construction to identify the academic plagiarism is not only the affairs of university autonomy but also should be under the control of national legislation.Legislation in our country should set up basic principles of standard, organization and procedure to identify academic plagiarism and necessary judicial review should be retained as to avoid the disordered state of university rules.