中药在抗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)引起的细胞因子风暴中的应用分析

Analysis on application of Chinese materia medica in treatment of COVID-19 by suppressing cytokine storm

2019年12月底新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在我国爆发,截止2020年2月23日已感染超7万人,感染者遍布全球28个国家和地区。其传染性强,传播迅速广泛,重症患者可出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多器官衰竭等严重并发症。而病毒感染引起的免疫过度激化导致的"细胞因子风暴"是重症患者产生严重并发症的重要原因。目前《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》中采用糖皮质激素作为免疫抑制剂,用于遏制重症患者的免疫激化反应,但是糖皮质激素的使用可能会造成二次感染、病程延长等不良预后,且存在严重后遗症风险。而中药在整体免疫调控方面具有明显优势,目前在COVID-19临床治疗中,中西医结合治疗也收到了积极效果。从免疫调控作用入手,分析了单味中药及中药方剂在遏制COVID-19引起的免疫过度激化及细胞因子风暴、抗急性肺损伤的潜在应用价值,有望对现有的诊疗方案中药临床应用做有益补充,发挥抗击疫情的重要作用。

At the end of December, 2019, a novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) outbreak was found in China. COVID-19 spreads all over 268 countries, and more than 70 000 people got infected till February 23 th, 2020. COVID-19 can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure due to its strong infectivity and extensive spread. These severe complications are believed to be the consequence of cytokine storm caused by the virus infection. In the "Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia", glucocorticoid is recommended as the immunosuppressive agents to prevent acute immune reaction in critical patients. However, the usage of glucocorticoid may bring severe residual effects such as superinfection risks, prolonged course of disease. Traditional Chinese medicine might have advantages in the moderation of immune system. Actually, TCM is now applied in the treatment of COVID-19 clinically, and exhibits excellent therapeutic effects. In this review, the potential usage of TCM or traditional prescriptions in inhibiting cytokine storm and treating in acute lung injury were analyzed, which would be an effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.