胖大海的性状及显微鉴别研究

Morphological and microscopic identification study of Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen

目的:对胖大海的性状及显微鉴别进行系统研究,为其质量标准的制定提供依据。方法:从形状、大小、不同部位颜色、表面特征、质地、断面特征、气味等方面对胖大海药材外种皮、中种皮、内种皮、胚乳、子叶及水试等进行系统的性状鉴别,并分别于普通显微镜和偏振光显微镜下进行正常光明场与偏振光暗场对比观察,采用实时景深拓展拍摄技术获取药材性状及显微全息影像数据。结果:性状鉴别显示,水试的膨大部位为中种皮,并采集了外种皮、中种皮、内种皮、胚乳、子叶的数码影像资料,确认子叶基出脉数目为3。显微鉴别获取了正常光和偏振光的对比彩色影像数据,可见平轴式气孔保卫细胞常下陷,副卫细胞周围的表皮薄壁细胞多呈环状排列,中种皮处有浅棕色颗粒物,吸水后呈不规则棕黄色半透明膨大囊状细胞。结论:获取的性状和显微特征可用于鉴别胖大海药材及粉末的真实性。

Objective: To study the morphological and microscopic identification of Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen, and provide basis for the establishment of its quality standard. Methods:The systematic character identification on exotestae, mesotestae, endotestae, cotyledons, endosperm and water test of Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen was carried out from shape, size, color of different parts, surface characteristics, texture, section characteristics, smell and other aspects, and the observation in normal light bright field and polarized light dark field were performed under ordinary microscope and polarized light microscope respectively, and the data of medicinal properties and microholographic image were obtained by real-time depth of field expansion photography. Results:The morphological identification showed that the expanded part in the water test was mesotestae, and the digital image data of exotestae, mesotestae, endotestae, cotyledons and endosperm were collected. It was confirmed that the number of cotyledon base veins was 3. The contrast color image data of normal light and polarized light were obtained in microscopic identification. It could be seen that the guard cells of paracytic type stomata were often sunken, and the arrangement of epidermal parenchyma cells around the accessory guard cells presented the circular shape. There were light brown particles in the mesotestae, and they turned into irregular brownish yellow translucent swelling cystic cells in the water test. Conclusion:Morphological and microscopic characteristics can be used for identifying the authenticity of medicinal materials and crude power of Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen.