新《民事证据规定》视角下鉴定人制度定位问题研究

Study on the Attribute of Appraiser from the Perspective of New Regulations on Civil Evidence

鉴定人角色定位是鉴定人制度中的一个基本问题,它决定着鉴定人的制度设计及鉴定人在诉讼中的权利、义务以及责任的承担。从比较法角度看,英美法系国家的专家证人属于证人,具有党派性的特征。大陆法系国家在鉴定人角色定位问题上有不同的观点。通过梳理发现,这些观点可总结为证据方法说、证据调查说和折衷说三种。在我国,经过民事诉讼立法及相关司法解释的相继出台,鉴定人定位问题的脉络越来越清晰。2019年12月,新《民事证据规定》颁布,鉴定人定位的明晰成为理解、适用新《民事证据规定》鉴定人制度的前提。术语上的届分、内容上的区别是制度完善的基础,"双重属性"下其他专家制度的配套适用也是问题解决的路径。

The attribute of appraiser is a basic issue in forensic appraisal system,which determines the structure of the system and the rights,obligations and responsibilities of appraisers in litigation.From the perspective of comparative law,appraisers in common law countries are witnesses with the characteristics of partisanship.In civil law countries,there are different opinions regarding the attribute of appraisers.These views can be summarized as evidence method theory,evidence investigation theory and eclectic theory.In China,as the development of the legislation of civil procedure law and relevant judicial interpretations,the answer to the issue is becoming clearer.In December 2019,the new Regulations on Civil Evidence was promulgated.The ascertainment of the attribute of appraisers becomes the precondition for understanding and application of the new Regulations on Civil Evidence.Knowing the differences in relevant terms and contents is basic for its improvement.For its dual attribute,the application of other expert systems is also the way to solve the existing problems.