论马克思“感性活动”思想的存在论意蕴及其意义———基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的研究

On the Existential Implication and Significance of Marx's Thought of“Perceptual Activity”---A Study Based on Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

马克思在批判吸收黑格尔的“主体性辩证法”和费尔巴哈的“感性直观”思想的基础上,将“现实的人”的“感性活动”理解为实践的核心内涵,提出了“感性活动”的原则。这一原则的提出不仅使马克思对人类实践活动的理解克服了传统哲学囿于知识论层面谈论的局限,同时也为其整个哲学的存在论转向奠定了基础。马克思从人的存在、自然的存在与社会的存在三个方面赋予了人的感性活动的存在论意义,进而通过感性活动确立了包括人、自然与社会在内的整个世界的存在。感性活动的思想不仅构成了马克思实践哲学的基石,而且还为其后来的哲学变革奠定了基础。

By critically absorbing Hegel’s“subjectivity dialectics”and the“perceptual intuition”of Feuerbach,Marx understood the“inductive activity”of“the man in reality”as the core of practice and put forward the principle of the“inductive activity”.This principle has overcome the limitation of the traditional philosophy in the knowledge-theoretic level,and also laid the foundation for the ontology of Marx’s whole philosophy.Marx gave the ontological significance of human perceptual activities from three aspects:human existence,social existence and natural existence,and then established the existence of the entire world including human,nature and society through perceptual activities.Marx’s perceptual activity thought formed the cornerstone of his practical philosophy and laid the foundation for his later philosophical reform.