“忘鱼而钓,寄兴于曲蘖”:王阳明的经典诠释学

“Forgetting Fishes but Fishing,and Expressing His Interest in Qu Nie”:the Classical Hermeneutics of Wang Yangming

作为明代心学的集大成者,王阳明以千古不易之“心”取代了宋儒的“天理”,从而建构了其心学道统。在此背景下,王阳明的经典诠释以“忘鱼而钓,寄兴于曲蘖”为总体原则,其基本内涵则是对传统的读书求道观念的反叛,而要求以经典为吾心之印证。为了使得经典可以与吾心相接,阳明以“良知”为心之本体,从而使得释经者与经典在心之“良知”的本体层面达到彻底的“视域融合”。由此阳明得以将“致良知”作为理解与解释经典的“权衡”,进而将明代的“二十四民”全部纳入经典诠释的对话对象之中,最终开启了明末以情抗礼的社会风尚。

As a master of Ming Dynasty’s psychology,Wang Yangming replaced the Song-dynasty philosophers’“heaven”with“heart”.Thus,he constructed his philosophy of the heart.In this context,Wang Yangming’s classical hermeneutics takes“forgetting fishes but fishing and expressing his interest in Qu Nie”as the general principle.Its basic connotation is that to rebel against the traditional concept of seeking the Dao through reading and to call for classics to be the proof of people’s heart.In order to make the classics connect with our hearts,Yangming takes“innate knowledge”as the noumenon of the heart,so that the interpreters and the classics can achieve a thorough“fusion of horizons”at the heart’s noumenon level of“innate knowledge”.Thus,Yang Ming took“the extension of innate knowledge”as a“standard”between understanding and interpreting classics,and then brought“twenty-four people”of the Ming Dynasty into the dialogue object of classical interpretation,which eventually opened the social fashion of confronting courtesy with affection in the late Ming Dynasty.