中国古代文言小说命名“谱字”考

A Textual Research on the Naming of“Pu Zi”in Ancient Chinese Novels

中国古代文言小说的命名中,除了名末标识文体的用字外,还会出现一些使用率很高的“谱字”,如“怪”“异”“神”“仙”之类。这与中国小说多含异于普通生活之奇异情节有关,这一点在《太平广记》的分类中即可见,而《太平广记》的书名中很可能也包含了“异”字。其实,文言小说最经典的两类便分别被称为“志怪”和“传奇”,恰恰使用了“怪”与“奇”二字,它们均有“异”的意义,却又有着深刻的不同,这种不同也昭示了它们艺术风貌之异。

In the naming of classical Chinese fiction,besides the words used to mark the style at the end of the name,there are also some“spectrum characters”with high usage rate,such as“weird”,“strange”,“god”and“immortal”.This is related to the peculiar plots which are different from ordinary life in Chinese fiction,which can be seen in the classification of Taiping Guangji,and the title of probably contains the word“different”.In fact,the two most classical types of classical Chinese fiction are called“Zhiguai”and“Legend”.They just use the words“weird”and“strange”.They both have the meaning of“different”,but they have profound differences.This difference also shows the difference of their artistic style.