社会复归视角下中国戒毒互助型治疗社区的理念与干预路径探究——以深圳社区戒毒社会工作为例

Exploration of the Concept and Path of Chinese Mutual Aid Therapeutic Community from View of the Social Rehabilitation

我国戒毒治疗社区实验始于20世纪末“美国戴托普治疗模式”在昆明的移植。随着戒毒者复吸率的持续上升与政府购买服务的深化,深圳等地于21世纪初提出“无毒社区”概念,尝试探索治疗社区的本土经验。在回顾中国社区戒毒历程后,文章以深圳社区戒毒社会工作为例,探究社会复归理论下中国互助型治疗社区的理念与实务路径。研究发现,在戒毒者回归社区的自立自强中,需要积极建构互助型治疗社区的外部支持环境。同时,透过个人层面的激发改变动机、强化认知行为、重建支持性的家庭关系,以及环境层面的同辈互助、同事互助、自组织互助、正面文化营造等实务干预路径,社会工作可以协助戒毒者实现从“排斥”到“复归”。

The experiment on the drug rehabilitation community in China started at the end of 20th century from the transplantation of the US“Daytop Mode”in Yunnan Province.With the increasingly relapse rate of drug users and the deepen development of government purchases services,many places like Shenzhen have put forward the concept of“No-drug Community”,aiming to explore the indigenous experience on community treatment.After reviewing the history of community drug control work,taking Shenzhen as an example,this paper explores the concept and path of the Chinese Mutual Aid Therapeutic Community from the view of social rehabilitation.It finds that external supporting system needs to be constructed during the course of rehabilitation.Meanwhile,by stimulating the changing motivation,strengthening cognition behaviors,rebuilding supportive family relationship on the individual level,as well as providing the support from peers,colleagues,and self-organization and positive culture on the environmental level,social workers can help drug users from exclusion to rehabilitation.