欧洲固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)产业化现状

Commercialization and future development of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in Europe

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有燃料适用范围广、能量转换效率高(发电效率40%~60%,综合能效≥80%)、全固态结构、模块化组装、零污染等优点,作为固定式或分布式发电可增强电网清洁供电的能力、安全性、可靠性和稳定性.SOFC具有多种不同的结构,其发电规模覆盖几十瓦至百兆瓦,可根据不同的应用场景选择不同的结构,应用场景主要包括固定式发电、分布式供电、热(冷)电联供、交通车辆辅助动力电源等领域.国内的SOFC技术发展较晚,目前已取得一定的研究进展,并且能够自主研发出十几千瓦的SOFC发电系统,但与国际领先水平还有很大的差距,主要体现在输出功率、生产成本及使用寿命等方面.欧洲的SOFC技术处于国际领先水平,具有一批成功实现产品化的公司,通过对其技术和产品的调研,可深入的了解欧洲SOFC技术现状和发展趋势,为国内SOFC技术的发展提供借鉴作用.

With the continuous consumption of fossil fuels, the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution and increasing demand for electricity in China have forced the need to gradually increase the capacity of renewable energy technologies such as wind and photovoltaic power. The randomness and intermittence associated with in the generation of wind and photovoltaic power bring new challenges to the safety and stability of power-grid operations. With respect to the generation of either stationary or distributed power, the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) power-generation system can be designed according to the actual demands of specific users and effectively supplement shortages in the generation of centralized power, and thereby significantly improve the efficiency, reliability, and stability of the power supply. SOFCs have many advantages, including fuel flexibility, high energy-conversion efficiency(powergeneration efficiency ranging of 40%–60%, comprehensive energy efficiency ≥80%), a whole solid structure, modular assembly, and near-zero pollution. SOFCs have a variety of different structures, and their power-generation scales range from tens of watts to hundreds of megawatts,with different structures selected for different application scenarios.These application scenarios mainly include fixed power generation,distributed power supply,combined heat(cold)and power supply,and auxiliary power units for traffic vehicles.SOFC technology in China has developed more recently than that in foreign countries and has made some progress.Manufacturers in China can independently develop SOFC power generation systems that produce more than 10 k W of power,but there remains a big gap between the systems developed in China and those developed by SOFC technology leaders elsewhere in the world,which is mainly reflected in the output power,production cost,and durability.Europe’s SOFC technology is at the forefront,with a number of successful companies having realized effective products.Through the investigation of their technology and products,we can gain an in-depth understanding of the current situation and development trends of SOFC technology as a reference for improving China’s SOFC technology.