肠道菌群通过短链脂肪酸参与过敏性哮喘气道高反应机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of gut microbiota participating in airway hyperresponsiveness of allergic asthma through short-chain fatty acids

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种以可逆性气流阻塞和气道高反应性为特点的气道慢性炎症疾病;短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是肠道益生菌发酵不易消化的碳水化合物如膳食纤维、抗性淀粉等生成的产物,不仅是机体重要的能量来源,还是重要的免疫信号分子,血液中SCFAs浓度升高对肺部过敏性炎症起保护作用。大量研究表明哮喘发生与肠道菌群变化密切相关。本文从ERK1/2信号通路、TGF-β1/Smads信号传导通路、GPR41和GPR43的表达三个方面综述了肠道菌群通过短链脂肪酸参与哮喘气道高反应的可能发生分子机制,为哮喘的治疗提供潜在的新靶点。

Bronchial asthma(asthma)is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),as the products of indigestible carbohydrates such as dietary fiber and resistant starch produced by intestinal probiotics,are not only the important energy source for the body,but also important immune signal molecules.The increasing concentration of SCFAs in the blood plays a protective role in pulmonary allergic inflammation.A large number of studies have shown that the occurrence of asthma is closely related to the changes of intestinal flora.This paper summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of intestinal flora participating in asthma airway hyperresponsiveness through short-chain fatty acids from the three aspects of ERK1/2 signaling pathway,TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway,and GPR41 and GPR43 expression,thereby providing a potential new target for the treatment of asthma.