彝语自动词与使动词探析——以黔西北彝语乌撒土语为例

Analysis of Autonomous and Causative Constructions in Yi Language:——Illustrated by the Case of Wusa Vernacular in Yi of Northwestern Guizhou

自动和使动是彝族语言的两种基本语法范畴,其语法形式主要有分析形式和屈折形式两种。在具体运用中,除了普遍用分析形式表示使动范畴外,还有一部分动词是以形态变化的形式来表示自动和使动的对立。这部分动词在黔西北彝语中大约有40对,其变化形式主要体现在语音上,通常采用词根内部的屈折手段,即通过辅音(声母)的送气与否来区分(偶尔几个还附加有声调的变化)。这些通过词根内部的屈折形式转换来的使动词在句中专表使动。

The autonomous and causative are two basic grammatical categories of Yi language.Its gram matical forms are mainly analytical and inflected.In the specific application,in addition to the general use of analytical forms to express causative voice,there are still some verbs,about 40 pairs of them in Yi of north western Guizhou,in the form of inflection to represent the opposition between autonomous and causative.The inflections are mainly reflected in the pronunciations,usually in the inflectional form of the root,that is,to dis tinguish whether the consonant(initials)is aspirated or unaspirated(occasionally,the change of tone is added).These causative verbs are specifically used to indicate causative voice in the sentence by converting the inflec tional morphology of the root.