贵州安顺方言单字调的调形格局——兼论单字调的时长及其与拱形的关系

Tone Form Pattern in Anshun Dialect of Guizhou Province——Discussion on Tone Duration and Their Relationship with Tone Arch

在声调拱形和调形格局上,安顺方言的单字调主要包含平拱形、降拱形和升(凹)拱形等3种基本拱形,其调形格局可以概括为“高平—半高(中)降—高降—低升(凹)”的格局类型,并且可以进一步概括为“平—降—降—升(凹)”的格局类型。在时长与拱形的关系上,主要表现为去声调时长最长,其次阴平调,再次上声调,阳平调时长最短,其中曲折拱形长于非曲折拱形,平拱形长于降拱形,而在相同拱形当中高调又会长于低调。

In the aspect of tone arch,tones of the Anshun dialect contain three basic types,a level arch,a falling arch and a rising(or fall-rising)arch.The tone form pattern of the Anshun dialect can be divided into high level,half-high(or medium)level,high falling,low rising(or fall-rising),and it can be further general ized as level,falling,falling,rising(or fall-rising)pattern.At the relationship between the length and the arch,fall-rising arch is longer than other arches,and level arch is longer than falling arch,and high arch is longer than low arch on the same arches.