如何建造犹太国——19世纪80年代至1948年间巴勒斯坦犹太空间的构建

How to Build a Jewish Country:The Construction of Jewish Space in Palestine,1880s-1948

犹太复国主义移民模式既不寻求将旧文化移植到新领土上,也不采用新领土的本土文化,而是创造全然不同的新文化。19世纪80年代至1948年间,巴勒斯坦犹太空间的构建正是这一模式的体现。犹太空间的构建主要在乡村和城市两种环境中展开。虽然方式各不相同,但仍具有许多共同特征。犹太定居点的中央统筹性不仅体现在规划和管理上,也突出表现在犹太定居点的空间布局和建筑风格上。欧洲“花园城市”的理念经过设计师的内化,融入农业公社和希伯来城市的设计中。犹太复国主义者将各种必然与偶然、客观与主观、本土与海外、历史与当代的因素杂糅在一起,构建了独一无二的新犹太空间。

The Zionist immigration to Palestine at the beginning of the 20th century neither sought to transplant the old culture to the new territory nor adopt the indigenous culture of that territory.Instead,it tried to create something altogether new and different.The shaping of Jewish space in Palestine from the 1880s to 1948 unfolded in two distinct environments,agricultural and urban,that still shared a number of features.It was also heavily influenced by the centralized nature of the Zionist settlement project,which determined the spatial layout as well as the architectural style of the Zionist settlement.Mixing the inevitable and accidental,the objective and subjective,the local and the foreign,historical and contemporary,Zionists created a new and unique Jewish space in Palestine.