日本民俗中的佛教仪礼与艺能

The National Buddhism Ceremony and Crafts in Japanese Folklore

6世纪时,汉传佛教进入日本,其后的遣隋使和遣唐使从中国带回了佛教、音乐、舞蹈等文化。这些文化确立了古代日本国家体制,成为其宗教、信仰、文化的基础。日本出于镇护国家的需要,接受了佛教。关于死后的净土、地狱等的认识,受到唐代中国民众的影响,在日本贵族和民众中传播很广泛。在宫廷和寺院的佛教仪礼中,护国的祈祷十分常见,伴随这些活动的是音乐和舞蹈,通过这种华丽的仪礼展现国家的威严。宫廷和寺院中上演的音乐和舞蹈,大多来自于隋唐宫廷。值得注意的是,其中也有不少曲目源自丝绸之路沿线的南亚、西亚、中亚。日本古代宫廷、佛教文化有必要与中国联系起来,放在亚洲的视角上进行讨论。

In the 6th century,Chinese Buddhism was introduced to Japan,and then the Japanese ambassadors to Sui and Tang dynasties brought back Buddhism,music,dance,etc.from China.These cultures established the ancient Japanese state system and became the basis of its religion,belief and culture.The Japanese adopted Buddhism out of the need to protect the country.The understanding of the pure land,hell,etc.after death was influenced by the Chinese people in the Tang dynasty and was widely spread among the Japanese aristocracy and people.Prayers to protect the nation were common in the Buddhism ceremony of the courts and temples,accompanied by music and dance.The ornate rituals were carried out to show the majesty of the state.Most of the music and dance performed in the courts and temples came from the courts of the Sui and Tang dynasties.It is worth noting that there are also many tracks from South Asia,west Asia and central Asia along the Silk Road.It is necessary to associate Japan’s ancient imperial court and Buddhism culture with China and discuss it from the Asian perspective.