碳基及氧化锌量子点在癌症诊疗应用中的研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon-based and Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots in CancerDiagnosis and Treatment

癌症是一种动态和异质性疾病,具有高死亡率和高发病率。化学疗法被认为是目前治疗癌症最有效的手段之一,常规化学疗法本身具有靶向非选择性、高毒性、化疗药物易被快速清除、药物失活、肿瘤的多药耐药性以及在非特异性位点积累等缺点。药物递送技术和纳米技术的进步为旧药物提供了新的治疗方式,可以改善药代动力学,增强其在实体瘤中的积聚并减小这些重要治疗剂的毒副作用。癌症纳米技术是癌症诊断和治疗的新兴领域。尽管目标药物递送系统向特定的部位递送抗癌剂已经取得了相当大的进展,但是研究者们仍在开发和探索新的纳米材料,以获得更高的药物递送效率。癌症治疗至关重要的是抗癌药物载体对药物的高效靶向递送。随着药物递送技术和纳米技术的进步,发展了许多高效的药物递送系统,提供了同时治疗和诊断(诊疗)的多功能平台。近年来,量子点由于其独特的光学和物理化学性质,被越来越多地用于细胞靶向、成像和药物递送。本文讨论了生物相容性良好的石墨烯量子点、碳量子点、氧化锌量子点作为抗癌药物载体应用的最新研究进展,以及这些量子点在细胞毒性、荧光成像、智能递送和协同治疗等多功能部分的应用和作为治疗用药物载体在实际应用中的挑战。

Cancer is a dynamic and heterogeneous disease with high mortality and high morbidity.In the treatment of cancer,chemotherapy is consi-dered to be one of the most effective means.While conventional chemotherapy has some defects such as multidrug resistance,highly toxic,rapid elimination of chemotherapy drugs by metabolism,drug inactivation,and it may accumulate at non-specific sites to cause damage to normal cells and tissues.Advances in drug delivery technology and nanotechnology have allowed new formulations of drugs to improve pharmacokinetics,enhance accumulation in solid tumors,and reduce the significant toxic side effects of these important therapeutic agents.Intracellular drug delivery to tumor cells and cell imaging is critical for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors.Therefore,there is a need for effective drug delivery and cell imaging systems.Cancer nanotechnology is an emerging field of cancer diagnosis and treatment.Although significant progress has been made in delivering targeted anti-cancer agents to specific sites of interest,new nanomaterials are often developed and explored to achieve higher drug delivery efficiencies.Efficient targeted delivery of drugs is critical for cancer treatment.With advances in drug delivery technology and nanotechnology,many efficient drug delivery systems have been developed with nanotechnology,providing a versatile platform for simultaneous therapeutic and diagnostic(diagnostic)functions.In recent years,quantum dots have become more and more widely used for cell targeting,imaging,and drug delivery due to their unique optical and physicochemical properties.This review discusses the recent advances in the use of biocompatible graphene quantum dots,carbon quantum dots,and zinc oxide quantum dots as carriers for anticancer drugs.And the cytotoxicity,fluorescence imaging,smart delivery,and synergistic treatment of these quantum dots in the application of multifunctional parts is summarized.At last,we list the challenges of practical application as a therapeutic drug carrier.