细菌纤维素复合材料高值化利用的研究进展

Research Progress on High Value Utilization of Bacterial Cellulose Composites:a Review

细菌纤维素(BC)是一种由微生物产生的高分子聚合物。利用细菌纤维素制备的复合材料近几年也备受关注,细菌纤维素复合材料的制备与运用也都取得了一些突破。但是细菌纤维素在单独使用时,往往具有很大的局限性。例如,细菌纤维素价格昂贵,且本身并不具备导电、抗菌等特点,这就限制了细菌纤维素的应用范围。因此,细菌纤维素复合材料的研究显得尤为重要。但是,细菌纤维素复合材料的运用面临两点困难:其一,细菌纤维素复合材料生产十分困难;其二,细菌纤维素和辅助材料(如丝胶蛋白、银纳米颗粒等)价格昂贵,从而造成细菌纤维素复合材料生产成本高。因此细菌纤维素高值化利用成为研究热点。近年来,细菌纤维素复合材料的相关研究主要集中于两个方面:(1)研究者通过优化细菌纤维素复合材料生产工艺来获得高性能复合材料;(2)将细菌纤维素复合材料主要运用于电极材料和伤口敷料两方面。研究者们在这两方面已经取得了一些突破。但是总体来说,细菌纤维素复合材料的开发略显不足。针对此现象,本文分类总结了细菌纤维素在生物医学、光电学、食品工业和其他领域的综合利用。食品工业领域方面,本文探讨了利用细菌纤维素制备生物塑料和开发食品级的皮克林乳液。生物医学领域方面,细菌纤维素可以和苯扎氯铵、铜、银以及氧化锌纳米颗粒等抗菌物质复合,新的复合材料在组织工程和医用敷料方面都展示出良好的效果。光电学领域方面,本文介绍了细菌纤维素在催化剂、电极材料、超级电容器方面的运用。其他领域方面,本文阐述了细菌纤维素在重金属回收方面的相关研究。最后,本文分析了细菌纤维素复合材料需解决的难题,并展望了细菌纤维素复合材料的发展前景,为细菌纤维素复合材料的高值化利用提供参考。

Bacterial cellulose(BC)is a type of high molecular polymer produced by microorganisms.In recent years,composite materials prepared by bacterial cellulose have also received much attention and some breakthroughs have been made in the preparation and application of bacterial cellulose composite materials.However,bacterial cellulose often has significant limitations when it is used alone.For example,pure bacterial cellulose is expensive and it does not have characteristics of conductivity,antibacterial,etc.,which limits the scope of applications of bacterial cellulose.Therefore,the researches of bacterial cellulose composites are particularly important.However,the applications of bacterial cellulose composites face two difficulties.First,bacterial cellulose composite materials are difficult to produce.Second,bacterial cellulose and auxiliary mate-rials(silk fibroin,silver nanoparticles,etc.)are expensive,which results in high cost of bacterial cellulose compo-sites production.Therefore,the high value utilization of bacterial cellulose became a research hotspot.In recent years,many related studies on bacterial cellulose composites have focused on two aspects.(i)Researchers can obtain high-performance composites by optimizing bacterial cellulosic composite production processes.(ii)Bacterial cellulose composite materials are mainly applied to electrode materials and wound dressings.Researchers had made some breakthroughs in these two fields.However,in general,the development of bacterial cellulose composites is slightly insufficient.In response to this phenomenon,this paper summarized the comprehensive utilization of bacterial cellulose in the fields of biomedicine,optoelectronics,food industry and other fields.In the field of food industry,this article discussed preparation of bioplastics from bacterial cellulose and the developments of food grade Pickering emulsions.In the field of biomedicine,bacterial cellulose combined with benzalkonium chloride,copper,silver,zinc oxide nanoparticles and other antibacterial substances to form composite materials.The new composite materials had shown good effects in tissue engineering field and medical dressing field.In the field of optoelectronics,the applications of bacterial cellulose in catalysts,electrode materials and supercapacitors were introduced in this paper.In other fields,this paper described the studies of bacterial cellulose on heavy metal recovery.At the end of this paper,the problems of bacterial cellulose composites that need to be solved were analyzed,and the development prospects of bacterial cellulose composites were prospected.The paper provided some references for the high value utilization of bacterial cellulose compo-sites.