城市扩展对趵突泉泉域直接补给区保泉能力影响

Influence of Urban Expansion on Spring Conservation Capacity of Baotu Spring Region Direct Recharge Area

直接补给区是趵突泉泉域重要的补给场所之一,随着城市发展其面积逐渐缩小。通过遥感手段解译60多年来济南城市发展趋势,分析揭示其对直接补给区面积及强渗漏小流域入渗功能的影响,采用大气降雨入渗系数法定量计算直接补给区面积削减对泉水保护的影响。结果表明,1954年—2015年,济南城市发展经历了平缓增长、快速增长、爆发式增长3个发展阶段,导致泉水直接补给区面积累计削减130km^2,约占总面积的29%,直接补给区内强渗漏小流域遭受不同程度破坏,6个渗漏功能完全丧失,9个渗漏功能部分丧失,仅9个渗漏功能保存近似完好,直接造成泉水入渗补给量减少约9.7万m^3/d(以多年平均降雨量648mm计)。直接补给区生态功能亟待保护与修复,应统筹管理小流域内山、水、林、土、草,加强小流域内山坡、山脚、山谷局部水循环的系统保护与修复,逐步恢复泉水补给能力。

The direct recharge area is one of the important supply places in Baotu spring region.Accompanying with the development of the city,its area is gradually reducing.By using remote sensing method,the trend of urban development in Jinan over the past 60 years have been intetpreted.The influence on the variation characteristics of the direct recharge area and the infiltration function of the strong leakage small watershed have been analyzed and revealed.The Influence of the reduction of the direct recharge area on spring protection has been calculated by the rainfall infiltration coefficient of the atmosphere.As showed by the results,from 1954 to 2015,the urban development in Ji'nan has experienced three stages as gradual growth,rapid growth and explosive growth.As a result,the direct recharge area of spring has reduced 130km^2,and accounts for about 29%of the total area.In the direct recharge area,strong leakage basins suffered damage to varying degrees,6 leakage functions are completely lost,9 leakage functions are partially lost,and only 9 leakage functions are preserved in good condition.As a direct result,the infiltration recharge of spring water is reduced by about 9.7104m^3/d(measured by the average annual rainfall of 648mm).The ecological function of the direct recharge area needs to be protected and repaired urgently.It is necessary to manage the mountain,water,forest,soil and grass in the small watershed as a whole,strengthen the systematic protection and restoration of the local water cycle of the hillside,the foot of the mountain and the valley in the small watershed,and gradually restore the replenishment capacity of the spring water.