论禁止重复诉讼的识别

Recognition of prohibition of repeated litigation

禁止重复诉讼在减少被告二次应诉之烦、节约法院司法资源、避免造成矛盾判决等方面发挥着重要作用。禁止重复诉讼的识别标准主要有二要素说和三要素说,但多追求形式上的契合而忽视禁止重复诉讼的制度旨趣之根本。将不同学说中的各要素进行解构后再重构会发现,案件事实、诉讼标的和诉讼请求之间存在着多因一果或一因多果的关系,案件事实作为识别标准中的一个基础性要素,对纠纷的一次性解决之影响至巨。厘清案件事实的包含或分离关系,有助于判断后诉的提起是否构成重复诉讼。

The prohibition of repeated litigation plays an important role in reducing the trouble of second litigation of defendants,saving judicial resources of the court,and avoiding contradictory judgments.There are two element theory and three element theory in the criteria for identifying the prohibition of repeated litigation,but most of them pursue formal agreement while ignoring the fundamental purpose of the system of prohibiting repeated litigation.After deconstructing and reconstructing the various elements of different theories,it is found that there are complicate relationships of multiple causes with one effect,or one cause with multiple effects,among the facts of a case,the object of action and the request for action.The facts of a case are the basic element in the identification criteria and have a great influence on the one-time settlement of disputes.Clarifying the relationship between the inclusion and separation of facts in a case helps to determine whether the filing of a subsequent appeal constitutes a repeated litigation.