制度环境视域下大学生创业制度环境分析

Analysis on the Entrepreneurial Institutional Environment of College Students

根据Scott的三维度分析框架,大学生创业制度环境分为创业规制性环境、创业规范性环境和创业认知性环境。经过政府20年来的立法、政策调控,我国大学生创业规制性维度不断优化。政府作为制度的最大供给者,现阶段正向服务者的角色转变,不断加强大学生创业的制度支持。当前,社会对大学生创业普遍支持和认可。但是,囿于传统“学而优则仕”的文化观念的影响,大学生创业规范性环境还需进一步优化。从创业教育的发展历程可以看出,我国高校创业教育是被迫式发展而不是自发、内生式发展。大学生创业认知性维度相对孱弱。提升大学生的创业认知性维度,应该把创业教育纳入国家长期教育发展规划。

According to Scott's three-dimension institutional framework,the entrepreneurial institutional environment can be divided into regulatory dimension,normative dimension and cognitive dimension.After 20 years'efforts on the regulation of legislation and policy from the government,the regulatory dimension of college students'entrepreneurship in China has been continuously improved.As the government is changing its role from policy maker to be a service provider,it has been constantly strengthening the institutional support for college students.At present,college students'entrepreneurial activities gain more support and recognition from the society.However,due to the influence of the traditional concept of"He who excels in learning can be an official",the normative dimension needs to be further enhanced.From the development process of entrepreneurship education in China,it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is forced rather than developed in a spontaneous and endogenous way.To enhance the cognitive dimension of college students'entrepreneurship,entrepreneurship education should be included in the national long-term education development plan.