娱乐、动员与教化:略论中央苏区的儿童游戏(1933-1934)

Entertainment,Mobilization and Education:Discussion on Children’s Games in the Central Soviet Area(1933-1934)

1933年到1934年,中共在全力应付国民党军事"围剿"中央苏区的同时,也从社会各方面积极入手教育民众、动员民众,力图将中共意识形态渗透进中央苏区的各个角落进而巩固、扩大苏维埃政权力量。这其中,由中共制定的儿童游戏就呈现出符合这一时期中央苏区政权生存需要的特点:一方面以其游戏式之娱乐策略照顾了儿童的年龄特征,适应了儿童的生理需求,丰富了儿童教育的手段;另一方面又以军事化之动员意图和政治性之教化理念锻炼了儿童的身体素质,激发了儿童的阶级意识,配合了中共的反"围剿"斗争。由此一来,儿童游戏便成为研究中央苏区儿童教育思想,洞悉中央苏区军事、政治生态的重要依据。

From 1933 to 1934,the Communist Party of China tried its best to deal with the encirclement and suppression from Kuomintang’s military.They also started from all aspects of the society to educate and mobilize the people,and tried to infiltrate the ideology of the Communist Party of China into all corners of the Central Soviet Area so as to consolidate and expand the power of the Soviet area.Among them,children’s games developed by the Communist Party of China had the characteristics of meeting the survival needs of the Central Soviet Area in this period.On the one hand,its entertainment strategy took care of children’s age characteristics,adapted to children’s physiological needs,and enriched the means of children’s education.On the other hand,the military mobilization intention and political education concept exercised children’s physical quality,stimulated their class consciousness,and cooperated with campaign against encirclement and suppression of the Communist Party of China.As a result,children’s games had become an important basis for the studies of children’s education thoughts and the insight into the military and political ecology of the Central Soviet Area.