论道德异化的危害及对策

On the Harm of Moral Alienation and Its Countermeasures

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思用异化劳动对资本主义社会种种不合理进行了批判,但是批判本身不是目的,马克思是借批判的手段阐述他自由全面发展的共产主义社会理想。同样,用异化思想分析当前的道德,是想通过对当前的道德进行扬弃,达到一个应有的道德世界。道德异化对当前社会的发展已经造成了一定危害,即限制人的自由、让人变得虚伪、成为追求功利的旗帜,甚至在一定程度上扰乱社会秩序。针对道德异化现象的对策包括:明晰“道德必然”与“道德期”的界限、正确对待传统道德规范、着重培育内化道德观念、明确伦理道德现象的边界。

In The Manuscript of Economics And Philosophy In 1844, Marx criticized the irrationality of capitalist society with alienated labor, but the criticism was not an end in itself. Marx expounded his free and all-round development of the communist social ideal by means of criticism. Similarly, to analyze the current morality with alienation thought is to achieve a proper moral world by developing and discarding the current morality. Moral alienation has caused certain harm to the development of the current society: restricting people’s freedom, making people hypocritical, becoming the banner of pursuing utility, even disturbing the social order to a certain extent. The countermeasures against the phenomenon of moral alienation include: clarifying the boundary between "moral necessity" and "moral period", correctly treating traditional moral norms, focusing on cultivating internalized moral concepts, and clarifying the boundary of ethical phenomena.