小儿肺炎支原体感染的临床特点和危险因素分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and risk factors of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in children

目的 探究小儿肺炎支原体感染的临床特点和危险因素.方法 选取大方县人民医院2018年8月至2019年5月收治的124例肺炎支原体感染患儿作为观察组,同期普通肺炎患儿112例为对照组,以回顾性分析开展研究.分析观察组患儿临床特点,对2组临床资料进行单因素分析,对影响肺炎支原体感染的相关危险因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 观察组患儿多表现为高热,发热持续时间为1~7d,阵发性咳嗽,X胸片检查多见斑点状模糊阴影;与对照组比较,观察组患儿年龄减小,发病季节主要在秋冬,低补体状态患儿增多,居住环境多在城镇,流行病接触史患儿增加,抗生素应用时间延长(P<0.05);抗生素使用时间、流行病接触史、低补状态、季节均是影响小儿肺炎支原体感染的独立危险因素(OR=1.375,7.813,3.107,2.705,P<0.05).结论 在秋冬季出现连续高热、阵发性咳嗽、免疫力低下且具有流行病接触史的患儿应高度怀疑肺炎支原体感染,并及早进行诊断和治疗.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Methods A total of 124 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection collected in Guizhou Dafang People's Hospitalfrom August 2018 to May 2019 were selected as the observation group,and 112 cases with common pneumonia in the same period were selected as the control group for retrospective analysis.The clinical characteristics of the children in the observation group were analyzed,and the clinical data of the two groups were analyzed for single factor analysis.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed for the risk factors related to the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Results The children in the observation group mostly showed high fever,duration of fever was 1~7 d,paroxysmal cough,and spotted fuzzy shadows were more common on X-ray examination;compared with the control group,the children in the observation group decreased in age and developed symptoms.The season is mainly in autumn and winter.The number of children with low complement status increases,and the living environment is mostly in cities and towns.Children with a history of epidemic exposure increase,and the application time of antibiotics is prolonged(P<0.05).All of them were independent risk factors of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(OR=1.375,7.813,3.107,2.705,P<0.05).Conclusion Children with continuous high fever,paroxysmal cough,low immunity and a history of epidemic exposure in autumn and winter should be highly suspected of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and diagnosed and treated early.