基于新能源制冷技术的多年冻土路基维护方法研究

RESEARCH ON MAINTENANCE METHODS FOR PERMAFROST EMBANKMENT BASED ON NEW-ENERGY REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGIES

针对中国多年冻土区路基工程广泛面临的地基冻土退化和本体热害问题,基于新能源制冷技术,提出一种新的多年冻土保护方法,并设计与制作两款路基专用制冷装置。结果表明:现有多年冻土保护措施局限于调节自然温差传热过程,具有季节匹配性差和冷却效率低的不足。制冷技术可在暖季将热量由低温冻土传递向高温大气环境,实现对冻土热量收支状态的实时严格控制。压缩式和吸附式制冷方法具有一体化、小型化、高效化等有利于路基应用的优势,多年冻土区丰富的太阳能和风能可解决路基制冷驱动来源的分散供应问题。所提出的压缩式制冷管和吸附式制冷管在暖季的制冷温度分别达到-15和-3℃。

To improve the permafrost degradation and heat-induced embankment diseases which widely distribute in permafrost regions in China,the refrigeration technology driven by renewable energy was proposed to be applied in permafrost protection in this paper. Two types of special refrigeration apparatus were designed and manufactured. The results show that the existing permafrost protective measures essentially act as a passive regulation role on heat transfer process driven by the natural temperature differences,and they have the disadvantages of bad seasonal match and low cooling efficiency. The refrigeration can make the heat transfer from low-temperature object to high-temperature one,i.e.,make the heat of permafrost be transferred back to the atmosphere,thus keeping the heat balance timely and strictly in warm seasons. The compression refrigeration and adsorption refrigeration technology have many advantages,such as integration,miniaturization and high efficiency,which all meet the requirements of embankment maintenance. The good utilization conditions of solar energy and wind energy in permafrost regions can solve the problem of decentralized supply for driving sources of refrigeration along embankments. The designed solar compression refrigeration tube and solar adsorption refrigeration tube can achieve a low temperature of-15 ℃ and-3 ℃ in warm seasons,respectively.