细菌耐药耐受性机制的最新研究进展

Recent advances in the mechanism of bacterial resistance and tolerance

抗生素的发现是人类抗感染史上伟大的里程碑。但是由于近年来人们对抗生素使用的认知不足,导致了抗生素滥用情况严重。抗生素耐药性以惊人的速度出现,现在已成为人类健康的主要威胁。由于抗生素的滥用导致了许多耐药细菌的产生,甚至出现了多重耐药细菌或者全耐药超级细菌。目前对于耐药细菌产生机制的研究进展已经比较成熟,近期研究发现细菌暴露在抗生素下会先变得耐受,耐受产生后会促进耐药性的产生。为有效尽早遏制耐药,有必要对于抗生素耐受的机制进行探究。目前关于细菌对抗生素耐受性产生的机制尚不完全清楚,本文主要介绍关于细菌对抗生素耐受性的研究进展,有利于加强人们对于耐受性细菌的认识,帮助预防、克服耐药。

The discovery of antibiotics is a great milestone in the history of human efforts to overcome infectious diseases.However,due to lack of knowledge on proper use of antibiotics in recent years,overuse and misuse of antibiotics are wide-spread.Consequently,antibiotic resistance has emerged at an alarming rate and is now becoming a major threat to human health.The abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of many multi-drug resistant bacteria,and even the so-called super bugs of bacteria that resist almost all antimicrobials currently available.Presently,research on the mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria has been relatively mature.However,mechanisms of tolerance to antimicrobial killing is not well understood and recent studies indicate that tolerance appears before resistance during antimicrobial exposure and that once appears,it facilitates the further development of resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the mechanism of antibiotic tolerance.This article focuses on the research progress in bacterial tolerance to antimicrobials,which may help broaden the knowledge in bacterial tolerance and subsequently prevent and overcome antimicrobial resistance.