马克思主义教科书体系的历史定位及其反思

The Historical Orientation and Reflection on the Traditional Textbooks System of Marxism

无论是在马克思主义思想史中还是在世界社会主义运动史中,马克思主义教科书体系都具有极其重要的历史地位,发挥了重要的作用。从马克思主义思想史来看,教科书体系是在马克思、恩格斯、列宁等经典作家思想的基础上,结合第一个社会主义国家的革命和建设经验及社会历史状况形成的对马克思主义理论的体系化阐释。这一体系伴随着20世纪世界社会主义运动的发展,成为世界新兴社会主义国家对马克思主义的主导性解释,对于推进新兴社会主义国家的马克思主义理论研究、实现思想和文化的统一发挥了不可替代的作用;但在这一过程中,教科书体系这一思想史上某一阶段的理论建构被普遍化、绝对化为最基本的理论体系,成为裁剪思想史的工具并进一步造成了理论与实践的冲突,深刻影响了世界社会主义进程。对马克思主义教科书体系的反思表明,只有不拘泥于某一特定的理论阐释,才能永葆马克思主义的生命力。

The textbook system plays an important role in the history of Marxism and in the history of World Socialist M ovement. From the perspective of M arxist intellectual ideology,the textbook system is a systematic interpretation of M arxist theory on the basis of the thoughts of classic theorist such as M arx,Engels and Lenin,combined w ith the experience and the social and historical conditions of the revolution and construction of the first socialist country. Along w ith the development of the w orld socialist movement in the 20 th century,this system has become the dominant interpretation of M arxism in new socialist countries. It has played an irreplaceable role in promoting the study of M arxist theory in the new socialist countries and realizing the unification of ideology and culture. How ever,in this process,the textbook system is generalized and absolutized into the most basic theoretical system,and becomes a tool for cutting out the intellectual history. The reflection on the textbook system show s that only not sticking to a particular theoretical interpretation can preserve the vitality of M arxism forever.