“原则之治”下环境行政处罚裁量基准适用规则的优化

Normalization of the Application of Environmental Administrative Punishment Discretion Standards in the Perspective of Rule of Principles

环境行政处罚裁量基准是我国实践中广泛运用的一种行政自制手段。它通过设置规则来控制执法者的裁量权,同时也保留了执法者根据个案实际情况追求实质正义的空间。执法者可以灵活适用裁量基准,还可以在特殊情况下脱离裁量基准。这一适用规则可能导致裁量基准机械适用和虚置化的问题。环境法基本原则可以因应生态环境治理的特殊性,弥补裁量基准适用规则的缺陷,通过建立执法标准,将保护优先、预防为主和损害担责的要求融入适用规则中,以促进裁量基准适用规则的优化。

As an administrative self-control method,environmental administrative punishment discretion standards are binding to the primary executors,but in the meanw hile,discretion standards allow executors to apply the standards flexibly. Under special circumstances,the executors could break aw ay the standards. It is retained that the space w here the executor pursuit substantial justice based on particular cases. But this rule of application could lead to mechanical application and fabrication. Based on the particularity of environmental governance,the basic principles of environmental law could make up imperfection of the application rules. The principles contribute to establish standards for law enforcement and integrate the requests of protection priority,prevention first and polluters pay into the application rules. Thus,this approach could promote the normalization of the application rules of discretion standards.