清末民初北京话“啊”系语气词语音分布条件考察

On Phonetic Distribution Conditions of Modal Particles of “ah” System in Beijing Dialect During Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

现代汉语语气词"啊"因受前行音节的影响而读音有所不同,且分布具有一定的规律性。这一特点在清末民初以北京话为基础创作的作品中也有体现,并且在从《红楼梦》经清末民初直到上世纪80年代的北京话中整体上表现出较强的稳定性。这说明,"啊"系语气词词形选择受到的语音制约条件近200年来不是一种发展关系,而是一种保持或继承关系;"啊、呀、哇、哪"与相应的语音条件并不是严格的一一对应,而只是一种倾向性、可能性。

The pronunciation of the modal particle"ah"varies with the forward syllables and shows some regularity in contemporary Chinese. This characteristic w as embodied insome w orks w ritten on the base of Beijing dialect during late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,and the phonetic distribution conditions consistently show s strong stability from Dream of the Red Chamber to contemporary Beijing dialect. This phenomenon indicates that the phonetic distribution conditionof modal particles of "ah"system are not a grow ing relationship but ainheritance relationship for nearly 200 years. And it’s not strictly one-to-one correspondence betw een those modal particles and the phonetic distribution conditions,but only a tendency or a possibility.