论图书馆的采捐能动性与引捐工作

On the Initiative of Donation Acquisitions and the Attracting Donation Work in Libraries

在图书馆捐受关系中,捐方主动馆方被动是当前国内图书馆捐赠工作中的常见观点,然而这只是基于捐赠表象的割裂认识,是图书馆尚未充分发挥采捐能动性的反映。通过分析捐赠者的内在动力与影响捐赠决策的外在因素可知,捐赠环境对潜在捐赠者决策具有制约和引导作用,而馆方恰恰是捐赠环境的主要营造者。因此,图书馆并非捐受关系中的天然被动方。馆方可以主动顺应捐方的合理需求,积极发挥潜在能动作用,成为捐赠决策的潜在制导者。此时馆方迎着捐方相向而行,主动融入,已超越同捐方的主被关系,与捐赠者共同成为图书馆捐赠实践与规律的积极创造者。图书馆潜在能动因素可归纳为9项内容、3项基本任务,单个图书馆要落实这些内容,自身应加强对采捐工作的重视,笔者就此提出10项建议供参考。

In the relationship of library donation,it is a common point of view in the current Chinese library donation work that the donor is active and the library is passive.However,this is only a conclusion based on the split recognition of the superficial phenomenon of donations,which reflects that the library has not fully played the initiative role in donation collection.By analyzing the internal motivation of donors and the external factors that affect the donation decision,we can see that the donation environment has a restrictive and guiding role on the decision-making of potential donors,and the library is the main builder of the donation environment.Therefore,the library is not the natural passive party in the donation relationship.The library can actively meet the reasonable needs of donors,actively play a potential active role,and become a potential guide for donors’decision-making.At this time,the library is facing the donors and actively integrating,which has gone beyond the active and passive relationship with the donors,and become the active creators of library donation practice and law together with the donors.The potential dynamic factors of a library can be summed up into nine contents and three basic tasks.There are currently ten suggestions for a single library to implement these contents.