基于天然萜类的可持续性聚合物

Sustainable Polymers Based on Natural Terpenes

随着可持续发展观念的逐步深入,可持续性聚合物已发展成为当今高分子领域的研究热点之一.萜类化合物作为自然界中一类来源广泛的天然资源,具有多种可修饰位点和丰富的功能性,由它出发制备可持续性聚合物,不仅可以简化聚合物的合成步骤,还可以赋予聚合物独特的立体构型、良好的生物活性和生物相容性等特点,进而拓展其在表面涂层、生物医药、组织工程等领域中的应用.本文综述了近年来国内外基于天然萜类可持续性聚合物的研究进展,从萜类化合物的结构特点出发,系统介绍了基于天然萜类可持续性聚合物的合成策略、特性及应用.

Sustainable polymers are a class of materials derived from renewable resources and exhibit closedloop life cycles.The development of sustainable polymers has been an important research topic to meet the need of nonpetroleum-based materials and to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel over the past decades.Terpenes is a kind of natural products with extensive supply sources and has multiple reactive sites and chiral centers.They can be divided into cyclic monoterpenes,linear monoterpenes and polycyclic terpenes according to the number of isoprene units and skeleton ring in their molecular structures.Such structural characteristic can not only simplify the synthesis of sustainable polymers,but also be used to design sustainable polymers with accurate structure at the molecular level according to a variety of demands.Moreover,natural terpenes can endow sustainable polymers with unique stereochemical structures,good biological activity and biocompatibility,thus broadening their applications in surface coating,biological medicine,and tissue engineering.From the perspective of structural design,there are three main ways to construct natural terpene-based sustainable polymers:(1)main-chain sustainable polymers can be obtained by self-condensation polymerization or co-condensation of terpenes or their derivatives;(2)side-chain sustainable polymers can be obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of terpenes with unsaturated functional groups or terpene monomers modified by unsaturated moieties;(3)sustainable polymers end-capped with terpenes can be obtained by modifying the polymer chain end with terpenes or their derivatives.It should be noted that the structure discrepancy between natural terpenes may require different design strategies to create functional sustainable polymers.This paper reviews the progress of natural terpene-based sustainable polymers in recent decades in the order of cyclic monoterpenes,linear monoterpenes and polycyclic terpenes.The main resources,monomer design strategies and polymerization methods of natural terpenes,as well as the characteristics,advantages and potential applications of natural terpene-based sustainable polymers are discussed.